Yes. Günter Kehr has 136 songs listed in a dataset used to train AI music models.

Used for training 136

songs in LAION-DISCO-12M under the artist name

A list of 12 million songs on YouTube Music, gathered by walking artist pages, that LAION published in 2024 for training general music models.

Including Concerto for Flute, Strings and Basso Continuo in A Minor, RV 445: I. Allegro, Catilena pro Adventu "Ein' Magd, ein' Dienerin", Orchestral Suite No. 1 in C Major, BWV 1066: VII. Passepieds I & II

Listed under the artist name 136 songs in LAION-DISCO-12M

Matched exactly: this YouTube Music artist id is the one the dataset lists these songs under.

Concerto for Flute, Strings and Basso Continuo in A Minor, RV 445: I. Allegro

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Karl Stangenberger, Günter Kehr, Antonio Vivaldi – Concerto for Flute, Strings and Basso Continuo in A Minor, RV 445: I. Allegro (Vivaldi: Concerto for Flute, Strings and Basso Continuo in A Minor, RV 445 (Digitally Remastered)) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 47Am8XYpwZc · row 47Am8XYpwZc

LAION-DISCO-12M

Catilena pro Adventu "Ein' Magd, ein' Dienerin"

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Gunter Kehr – Catilena pro Adventu "Ein' Magd, ein' Dienerin" (A Classical Christmas (The VoxBox Edition)) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 4WYfWMP_bA8 · row 4WYfWMP_bA8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Orchestral Suite No. 1 in C Major, BWV 1066: VII. Passepieds I & II

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Johann Sebastian Bach – Orchestral Suite No. 1 in C Major, BWV 1066: VII. Passepieds I & II (J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suites Nos. 1-4, BWV 1066-1069) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 5jwUlY-4Ke8 · row 5jwUlY-4Ke8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 39 in E-Flat Major, K.543: II. Andante con moto

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Klaus-Peter Hahn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 39 in E-Flat Major, K.543: II. Andante con moto (Mozart: A Collection of Symphonies) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 6dXbU9CH5XQ · row 6dXbU9CH5XQ

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 1 in E-Flat Major, K. 16: II. Andante

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 1 in E-Flat Major, K. 16: II. Andante (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 1) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 6ddfwL8zk0w · row 6ddfwL8zk0w

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 16 in C Major, K. 128: I. Allegro maestoso

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Gunter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 16 in C Major, K. 128: I. Allegro maestoso (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 5) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 9DQXe4mTvv8 · row 9DQXe4mTvv8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Music for the Royal Fireworks, Suite for Orchestra, HWV 351: I. Overture

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Helmuth Rilling, George Frideric Handel – Music for the Royal Fireworks, Suite for Orchestra, HWV 351: I. Overture (50 Handel) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video B1ZJkbDM0No · row B1ZJkbDM0No

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 23 in D Major, K. 181: III. Presto assai

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 23 in D Major, K. 181: III. Presto assai (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 7) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video BJ3YLwPPWOs · row BJ3YLwPPWOs

LAION-DISCO-12M

Ouverture-Suite in C Major, TWV 55:C6: I. Ouverture

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Georg Philipp Telemann – Ouverture-Suite in C Major, TWV 55:C6: I. Ouverture (Green Edition - Telemann: Ouverture-Suite for Flute, TWV 55:a2 & Ouverture-Suite, TWV 55:C6) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video DU09maWYiYk · row DU09maWYiYk

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 18 in F Major, K. 130: II. Andantino grazioso

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 18 in F Major, K. 130: II. Andantino grazioso (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 7) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video GJZQrQHJLFk · row GJZQrQHJLFk

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 8 in D Major, K. 48: I. Allegro

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 8 in D Major, K. 48: I. Allegro (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 2) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video HREDIsxoy5o · row HREDIsxoy5o

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 15 in G Major, K. 124: II. Andante

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Gunter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 15 in G Major, K. 124: II. Andante (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 5) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video HdXfBF9j9bE · row HdXfBF9j9bE

LAION-DISCO-12M

Orchestral Suite No. 4 in D Major, BWV 1069: IV. Menuetts I & II

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Johann Sebastian Bach – Orchestral Suite No. 4 in D Major, BWV 1069: IV. Menuetts I & II (J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suites Nos. 1-4, BWV 1066-1069) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video Jqvm0YMcgLo · row Jqvm0YMcgLo

LAION-DISCO-12M

Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major, K. 467: III. Allegro vivace assai

Listed as Walter Klien, Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major, K. 467: III. Allegro vivace assai (Mozart: Piano Concertos Nos. 18 & 21) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video KTUeiJT01IE · row KTUeiJT01IE

LAION-DISCO-12M

Concerto grosso in D minor, op.3, No.5: I: without indication

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr – Concerto grosso in D minor, op.3, No.5: I: without indication (Step-To-It! - Cardio-Classical) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video LB4uergP7QI · row LB4uergP7QI

LAION-DISCO-12M

Piano Concerto No. 18 in B-Flat Major, K. 456: II. Andante un poco sostenuto

Listed as Walter Klien, Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Piano Concerto No. 18 in B-Flat Major, K. 456: II. Andante un poco sostenuto (Mozart: Piano Concertos Nos. 18 & 21) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video LaEPqytqCm0 · row LaEPqytqCm0

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 44 in D Major, K. 81: II. Andante

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Gunter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 44 in D Major, K. 81: II. Andante (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 3) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video NpxXt3DDX3A · row NpxXt3DDX3A

LAION-DISCO-12M

Ouverture-Suite in C Major, TWV 55:C6: V. Sommeil

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Georg Philipp Telemann – Ouverture-Suite in C Major, TWV 55:C6: V. Sommeil (Green Edition - Telemann: Ouverture-Suite for Flute, TWV 55:a2 & Ouverture-Suite, TWV 55:C6) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video O7RZX-sg9yw · row O7RZX-sg9yw

LAION-DISCO-12M

Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major, BWV 1068: V. Gigue

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Johann Sebastian Bach – Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major, BWV 1068: V. Gigue (J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suites Nos. 1-4, BWV 1066-1069) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video P_gktCRvir8 · row P_gktCRvir8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Orchestral Suite No. 2 in B Minor, BWV 1067: III. Sarabande

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Johann Sebastian Bach – Orchestral Suite No. 2 in B Minor, BWV 1067: III. Sarabande (J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suites Nos. 1-4, BWV 1066-1069) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video TF46CGICh5k · row TF46CGICh5k

LAION-DISCO-12M

Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major, BWV 1068: IV. Bourrée

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Johann Sebastian Bach – Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major, BWV 1068: IV. Bourrée (J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suites Nos. 1-4, BWV 1066-1069) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video Tz0jQndTaQw · row Tz0jQndTaQw

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 8 in D Major, K. 48: III. Menuetto - Trio

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 8 in D Major, K. 48: III. Menuetto - Trio (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 2) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video Uk7xKcJr4is · row Uk7xKcJr4is

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 22 in C Major, K.162: III. Presto assai

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Klaus-Peter Hahn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 22 in C Major, K.162: III. Presto assai (Mozart: A Collection of Symphonies) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video VOhZwf7gldw · row VOhZwf7gldw

LAION-DISCO-12M

Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 3 No. 1: I. Allegro

Listed as Susanne Lautenbacher, Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr – Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 3 No. 1: I. Allegro (Locatelli: L'arte del violino, Vol. 1) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video VSoxUyiF52A · row VSoxUyiF52A

LAION-DISCO-12M

Concerto for 2 Violins in D Minor, BWV 1043: III. Allegro

Listed as Susanne Lautenbacher, Dieter Vorholz, Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr – Concerto for 2 Violins in D Minor, BWV 1043: III. Allegro (J.S. Bach: Violin Concertos, BWV 1041 & 1042 & Concerto for 2 Violins in D Minor, BWV 1043) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video WNROo83k8JQ · row WNROo83k8JQ

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 9 in C Major, K. 73: IV. Molto allegro

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 9 in C Major, K. 73: IV. Molto allegro (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 2) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video Wif4Mn4e4VA · row Wif4Mn4e4VA

LAION-DISCO-12M

Orchestral Suite No. 4 in D Major, BWV 1069: II. Bourrées I & II

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Johann Sebastian Bach – Orchestral Suite No. 4 in D Major, BWV 1069: II. Bourrées I & II (J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suites Nos. 1-4, BWV 1066-1069) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video XBlathDqqRI · row XBlathDqqRI

LAION-DISCO-12M

Orchestral Suite No. 1 in C Major, BWV 1066: III. Gavottes I & II

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Johann Sebastian Bach – Orchestral Suite No. 1 in C Major, BWV 1066: III. Gavottes I & II (J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suites Nos. 1-4, BWV 1066-1069) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video XKnS01PGUng · row XKnS01PGUng

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 22 in C Major, K.162: II. Andantino grazioso

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Klaus-Peter Hahn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 22 in C Major, K.162: II. Andantino grazioso (Mozart: A Collection of Symphonies) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video _G9IOdm1CzA · row _G9IOdm1CzA

LAION-DISCO-12M

Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major, K. 467: I. Allegro maestoso

Listed as Walter Klien, Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major, K. 467: I. Allegro maestoso (Mozart: Piano Concertos Nos. 18 & 21) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video aOmlhP2mWqM · row aOmlhP2mWqM

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 39 in E-Flat Major, K.543: I. Adagio - Allegro

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Klaus-Peter Hahn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 39 in E-Flat Major, K.543: I. Adagio - Allegro (Mozart: A Collection of Symphonies) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video ag_0fcnHv0A · row ag_0fcnHv0A

LAION-DISCO-12M

6 Concerti grossi, Op. 3, No. 1 in B-Flat Major, HWV 312: II. Largo

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, George Frideric Handel – 6 Concerti grossi, Op. 3, No. 1 in B-Flat Major, HWV 312: II. Largo (Classical Masterpieces - George Frideric Handel: Music for the Royal Fireworks & 6 Concerti grossi No. 1) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video axBOM0Vm5Zc · row axBOM0Vm5Zc

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 38 in D Major, K.504 "Prague": III. Finale - Presto

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Klaus-Peter Hahn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 38 in D Major, K.504 "Prague": III. Finale - Presto (Mozart: A Collection of Symphonies) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video bVLI-b5XDdQ · row bVLI-b5XDdQ

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 46 in C Major, K. 96: I. Allegro

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 46 in C Major, K. 96: I. Allegro (Red Edition - Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 27, 30 & 45-46) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video bg1VQvH4nBw · row bg1VQvH4nBw

LAION-DISCO-12M

Les Indes galantes, RCT 44 (Orchestral Suite): IX. Rondeau

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr – Les Indes galantes, RCT 44 (Orchestral Suite): IX. Rondeau (Classical Music Capitals of the World: Paris) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video brMa8J0mhow · row brMa8J0mhow

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 22 in C Major, K.162: I. Allegro assai

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Klaus-Peter Hahn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 22 in C Major, K.162: I. Allegro assai (Mozart: A Collection of Symphonies) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video bx6tbpiZ57Y · row bx6tbpiZ57Y

LAION-DISCO-12M

Orchestral Suite No. 4 in D Major, BWV 1069: I. Ouverture

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Johann Sebastian Bach – Orchestral Suite No. 4 in D Major, BWV 1069: I. Ouverture (J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suites Nos. 1-4, BWV 1066-1069) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video coZLZfINLtk · row coZLZfINLtk

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 7 in D Major, K. 45: IV. Molto allegro

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 7 in D Major, K. 45: IV. Molto allegro (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 1) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video eabqQahnOjU · row eabqQahnOjU

LAION-DISCO-12M

Orchestral Suite No. 2 in B Minor, BWV 1067: I. Ouverture

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Johann Sebastian Bach – Orchestral Suite No. 2 in B Minor, BWV 1067: I. Ouverture (J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suites Nos. 1-4, BWV 1066-1069) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video fcNqFUOZhck · row fcNqFUOZhck

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 39 in E-Flat Major, K.543: III. Menuetto. Allegretto

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Klaus-Peter Hahn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 39 in E-Flat Major, K.543: III. Menuetto. Allegretto (Mozart: A Collection of Symphonies) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video h1bADF1em7I · row h1bADF1em7I

LAION-DISCO-12M

Music for the Royal Fireworks, Suite for Orchestra, HWV 351: IV. La Rèjouissance (Allegro)

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Helmuth Rilling, George Frideric Handel – Music for the Royal Fireworks, Suite for Orchestra, HWV 351: IV. La Rèjouissance (Allegro) (50 Handel) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video k740dt3b7H8 · row k740dt3b7H8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 23 in D Major, K. 181: I. Allegro spiritoso

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 23 in D Major, K. 181: I. Allegro spiritoso (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 7) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video keZ7kxr-HEI · row keZ7kxr-HEI

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 26 in E-Flat Major, K. 184: II. Andante

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 26 in E-Flat Major, K. 184: II. Andante (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 8) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video l_RTPwel9wk · row l_RTPwel9wk

LAION-DISCO-12M

Orchestral Suite No. 4 in D Major, BWV 1069: III. Gavotte

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Johann Sebastian Bach – Orchestral Suite No. 4 in D Major, BWV 1069: III. Gavotte (J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suites Nos. 1-4, BWV 1066-1069) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video lqoc_VbSTVw · row lqoc_VbSTVw

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphony No. 18 in F Major, K. 130: III. Menuetto - Trio

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony No. 18 in F Major, K. 130: III. Menuetto - Trio (Mozart: Symphonies, Vol. 7) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video pC99OrVmQ5s · row pC99OrVmQ5s

LAION-DISCO-12M

Suite No. 1 in F Major from "Water music", HWV 348: II. Adagio e staccato

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Helmuth Rilling, George Frideric Handel – Suite No. 1 in F Major from "Water music", HWV 348: II. Adagio e staccato (50 Handel) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video pVdpvxI0hOM · row pVdpvxI0hOM

LAION-DISCO-12M

Violin Concerto in E Minor, Op. 3 No. 8: I. Andante

Listed as Susanne Lautenbacher, Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr – Violin Concerto in E Minor, Op. 3 No. 8: I. Andante (Locatelli: L'arte del violino, Vol. 3) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video sUZgczHJbfI · row sUZgczHJbfI

LAION-DISCO-12M

Orchestral Suite No. 2 in B Minor, BWV 1067: II. Rondeau

Listed as Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr, Johann Sebastian Bach – Orchestral Suite No. 2 in B Minor, BWV 1067: II. Rondeau (J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suites Nos. 1-4, BWV 1066-1069) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video t23bKRxu5qY · row t23bKRxu5qY

LAION-DISCO-12M

Violin Concerto in F Major, Op. 3 No. 10: III. Andante

Listed as Susanne Lautenbacher, Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr – Violin Concerto in F Major, Op. 3 No. 10: III. Andante (Locatelli: L'arte del violino, Vol. 4) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video xnnKmvPL1cU · row xnnKmvPL1cU

LAION-DISCO-12M

Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 3 No. 1: II. Largo

Listed as Susanne Lautenbacher, Mainz Chamber Orchestra, Günter Kehr – Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 3 No. 1: II. Largo (Locatelli: L'arte del violino, Vol. 1) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video yVsM016hPWo · row yVsM016hPWo

LAION-DISCO-12M

What this means

Last reviewed 2026-09-24.

Presence in a public research dataset shows that a clip of your recording was listed by academic or industry researchers as material for building or testing audio models. It does not by itself show which commercial products, if any, used the clip. The legal picture is moving. On 31 July 2026 the Regional Court of Munich I ruled in GEMA's case against Suno (case 42 O 763/25) that reproducing works for training, holding them in a model in retrievable form, and generating similar outputs can each infringe copyright under German and EU law; the judgment is not final and can be appealed. In the United States, Warner Music Group settled its claims against Suno on 25 November 2025 with a licensing deal, while the parallel claims by Universal and Sony were still pending at that point. Since then BMG (12 August 2026) and Believe/TuneCore (8 September 2026) have signed opt-in licensing deals with Suno.

What you can do

3 routes. None is a guarantee.

UK, PRS members. Send PRS for Music your report and ask what collective or licensing route covers your works.
- PRS for Music and Artificial Intelligence, Version 1 (October 2025), 2025-10-01
- PRS for Music: AI and music copyright, 2026-09-24
Germany, GEMA members. GEMA won a first-instance ruling against Suno on 31 July 2026 and has a licensing model. Ask how they apply to your repertoire.
- GEMA: Suno AI and OpenAI, GEMA sues for fair compensation, 2025-01-21
- DLA Piper: GEMA v Suno, Munich Regional Court judgment of 31 July 2026, 2026-08-28
- Music Business Worldwide: Germany's GEMA launches AI Charter, 2024-11-05
Signed to Warner, BMG or Believe/TuneCore. Each has an opt-in licensing deal with Suno. Ask your label what opting in or out means for you and whether any settlement money reaches artists.
- Music Business Worldwide: Warner Music Group settles with Suno, 2025-11-25
- Music Ally: Suno signs another music licensing deal, with BMG, 2026-08-12
- Music Business Worldwide: Suno inks global deal with Believe, 2026-09-08

Is this you?

Check another name

These pages report where identifiers from public research datasets point. Presence in a dataset is a fact about the dataset, not a claim about the channel or artist, and says nothing about what any company did with the material. If you are this artist and want this page removed, see removals.