YouTrained

Artist Karlheinz Zoeller on YouTube Music

Yes. Karlheinz Zoeller has 2,095 songs listed in a dataset used to train AI music models.

Used for training 2,095

songs in LAION-DISCO-12M under the artist name

A list of 12 million songs on YouTube Music, gathered by walking artist pages, that LAION published in 2024 for training general music models.

Including Schumann: Symphony No. 3 in E-Flat Major, Op. 97 "Rhenish" - IV. Feierlich, Dvořák: Symphony No. 3 in E-Flat Major, Op. 10, B. 34 - III. Finale (Allegro vivace), Brahms: Symphony No. 1 in C Minor, Op. 68 - II. Andante sostenuto

Listed under the artist name 2,095 songs in LAION-DISCO-12M

Matched exactly: this YouTube Music artist id is the one the dataset lists these songs under.

Schumann: Symphony No. 3 in E-Flat Major, Op. 97 "Rhenish" - IV. Feierlich

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, Robert Schumann – Schumann: Symphony No. 3 in E-Flat Major, Op. 97 "Rhenish" - IV. Feierlich (Schumann: The 4 Symphonies; Overtures Opp.81 "Genoveva" & 115 "Manfred") · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 1xRG_XNYtW0 · row 1xRG_XNYtW0

LAION-DISCO-12M

Dvořák: Symphony No. 3 in E-Flat Major, Op. 10, B. 34 - III. Finale (Allegro vivace)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, Antonín Dvořák – Dvořák: Symphony No. 3 in E-Flat Major, Op. 10, B. 34 - III. Finale (Allegro vivace) (Dvorak: The 9 Symphonies) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 2DIxYRcrfCQ · row 2DIxYRcrfCQ

LAION-DISCO-12M

Brahms: Symphony No. 1 in C Minor, Op. 68 - II. Andante sostenuto

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Johannes Brahms – Brahms: Symphony No. 1 in C Minor, Op. 68 - II. Andante sostenuto (Brahms 4 Symphonien) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 5aE-7FtzxFM · row 5aE-7FtzxFM

LAION-DISCO-12M

Dvořák: Symphony No. 2 in B-Flat Major, Op. 4, B. 12 - III. Scherzo (Allegro con brio)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, Antonín Dvořák – Dvořák: Symphony No. 2 in B-Flat Major, Op. 4, B. 12 - III. Scherzo (Allegro con brio) (Dvorak: The 9 Symphonies) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 61FvKGUYUeM · row 61FvKGUYUeM

LAION-DISCO-12M

Holst: 組曲《惑星》作品32: 第6曲: 天王星、魔術の神 - Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: VI. Uranus, the Magician

Listed as Wiener Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gustav Holst – Holst: 組曲《惑星》作品32: 第6曲: 天王星、魔術の神 - Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: VI. Uranus, the Magician (Holst: The Planets) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 6EeoYuy4RUE · row 6EeoYuy4RUE

LAION-DISCO-12M

Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Coro - Menuet

Listed as Wolfgang Meyer, Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, George Frideric Handel – Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Coro - Menuet (Händel: Water Music; Music for the Royal Fireworks) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 88w7BJ3JAjk · row 88w7BJ3JAjk

LAION-DISCO-12M

Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: VII. Neptune, the Mystic

Listed as Wiener Staatsopernchor, Wiener Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gustav Holst – Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: VII. Neptune, the Mystic (Holst: The Planets) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 8asiX-STny8 · row 8asiX-STny8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Menuet III

Listed as Wolfgang Meyer, Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, George Frideric Handel – Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Menuet III (Händel: Water Music; Music for the Royal Fireworks) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 8dWBCnLjhjg · row 8dWBCnLjhjg

LAION-DISCO-12M

Schumann: Symphony No. 1 in B-Flat Major, Op. 38 "Spring" - I. Andante un poco maestoso - Allegro molto vivace

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, Robert Schumann – Schumann: Symphony No. 1 in B-Flat Major, Op. 38 "Spring" - I. Andante un poco maestoso - Allegro molto vivace (Schumann: The 4 Symphonies; Overtures Opp.81 "Genoveva" & 115 "Manfred") · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video ASwUkLDiJR4 · row ASwUkLDiJR4

LAION-DISCO-12M

Flute Concerto No. 2 in D Major, K. 314: II. Andante ma non troppo

Listed as Emmanuel Pahud, Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Flute Concerto No. 2 in D Major, K. 314: II. Andante ma non troppo (Mozart: Flute and Harp Concerto, K. 299 - Flute Concerto No. 1, K. 313 & No. 2, K. 314) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video BRIO27qLJRg · row BRIO27qLJRg

LAION-DISCO-12M

Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Lentement

Listed as Wolfgang Meyer, Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, George Frideric Handel – Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Lentement (Händel: Water Music; Music for the Royal Fireworks) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video CTBNOwCCnAE · row CTBNOwCCnAE

LAION-DISCO-12M

Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Bourrée

Listed as Wolfgang Meyer, Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, George Frideric Handel – Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Bourrée (Händel: Water Music; Music for the Royal Fireworks) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video CgmmBJsmLC8 · row CgmmBJsmLC8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Mussorgsky: Night on Bald Mountain (Live)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Modest Mussorgsky – Mussorgsky: Night on Bald Mountain (Live) (Mussorgsky: Pictures At An Exhibition) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video CtKvZX5qNZI · row CtKvZX5qNZI

LAION-DISCO-12M

Verdi: I vespri siciliani - Overture (Sinfonia)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Giuseppe Verdi – Verdi: I vespri siciliani - Overture (Sinfonia) (Verdi: Overtures & Preludes) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video DDya5jhUeGo · row DDya5jhUeGo

LAION-DISCO-12M

Brahms: Tragic Overture, Op. 81

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Johannes Brahms – Brahms: Tragic Overture, Op. 81 (Brahms: Symphony No.3; Tragic Overture; Song of Destiny) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video DmTMrgZ4Q3U · row DmTMrgZ4Q3U

LAION-DISCO-12M

Flute Concerto No. 2 in D Major, K. 314: I. Allegro aperto

Listed as Emmanuel Pahud, Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Flute Concerto No. 2 in D Major, K. 314: I. Allegro aperto (Mozart: Flute and Harp Concerto, K. 299 - Flute Concerto No. 1, K. 313 & No. 2, K. 314) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video E7ygLbH2cr8 · row E7ygLbH2cr8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Verdi: La traviata, Act I: Prelude

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Giuseppe Verdi – Verdi: La traviata, Act I: Prelude (The Berlin Album) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video E8Pkt7Ip9sY · row E8Pkt7Ip9sY

LAION-DISCO-12M

Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: V. Saturn, the Bringer of Old Age

Listed as Wiener Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gustav Holst – Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: V. Saturn, the Bringer of Old Age (Holst: The Planets) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video F4xUj6c_Ghg · row F4xUj6c_Ghg

LAION-DISCO-12M

Dvořák: Symphony No. 6 in D Major, Op. 60, B. 112 - III. Scherzo (Furiant: Presto)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík – Dvořák: Symphony No. 6 in D Major, Op. 60, B. 112 - III. Scherzo (Furiant: Presto) (Dvorák: Symphonies Nos.6 - 9 "From the New World") · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video FEqiSZrrpLg · row FEqiSZrrpLg

LAION-DISCO-12M

Brahms: Symphony No. 4 in E Minor, Op. 98 - IV. Allegro energico e passionato

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Johannes Brahms – Brahms: Symphony No. 4 in E Minor, Op. 98 - IV. Allegro energico e passionato (Brahms 4 Symphonien) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video Hg-Q-mvpHUA · row Hg-Q-mvpHUA

LAION-DISCO-12M

Clarinet Concerto in A Major, K. 622: II. Adagio

Listed as Sabine Meyer, Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Clarinet Concerto in A Major, K. 622: II. Adagio (Mozart: Clarinet Concerto/Debussy: Première Rhapsodie/Takemitsu: Fantasma/Cantos) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video J4ocVFqn7CY · row J4ocVFqn7CY

LAION-DISCO-12M

Handel: Music For The Royal Fireworks, HWV 351: La Paix

Listed as Wolfgang Meyer, Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, George Frideric Handel – Handel: Music For The Royal Fireworks, HWV 351: La Paix (Händel: Water Music; Music for the Royal Fireworks) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video KeS7oAgJzdc · row KeS7oAgJzdc

LAION-DISCO-12M

Holst: 組曲《惑星》作品32: 第2曲: 金星、平和をもたらすもの - Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: II. Venus, the Bringer of Peace

Listed as Wiener Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gustav Holst – Holst: 組曲《惑星》作品32: 第2曲: 金星、平和をもたらすもの - Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: II. Venus, the Bringer of Peace (Holst: The Planets) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video N-bCtq4wDmE · row N-bCtq4wDmE

LAION-DISCO-12M

Flute Concerto No. 1 in G Major, K. 313: I. Allegro maestoso

Listed as Emmanuel Pahud, Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Flute Concerto No. 1 in G Major, K. 313: I. Allegro maestoso (Mozart: Flute Concertos & Concerto for Flute and Harp) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video QKXGrTFN5L0 · row QKXGrTFN5L0

LAION-DISCO-12M

Verdi: Aida - Overture (Prelude)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Giuseppe Verdi – Verdi: Aida - Overture (Prelude) (Verdi: Overtures & Preludes) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video QMHD1Pf_wsE · row QMHD1Pf_wsE

LAION-DISCO-12M

Handel: Music For The Royal Fireworks, HWV 351 (1749): Bourée

Listed as Wolfgang Meyer, Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, George Frideric Handel – Handel: Music For The Royal Fireworks, HWV 351 (1749): Bourée (Händel: Water Music; Music for the Royal Fireworks) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video QYnOgHn7TU4 · row QYnOgHn7TU4

LAION-DISCO-12M

Dvořák: Symphony No. 2 in B-Flat Major, Op. 4, B. 12 - IV. Finale (Allegro con fuoco)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, Antonín Dvořák – Dvořák: Symphony No. 2 in B-Flat Major, Op. 4, B. 12 - IV. Finale (Allegro con fuoco) (Dvorak: The 9 Symphonies) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video R8eFIF7gH1k · row R8eFIF7gH1k

LAION-DISCO-12M

Brahms: Symphony No. 1 in C Minor, Op. 68 - I. Un poco sostenuto - Allegro

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Johannes Brahms – Brahms: Symphony No. 1 in C Minor, Op. 68 - I. Un poco sostenuto - Allegro (Brahms 4 Symphonien) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video RdXIU0q7Ld8 · row RdXIU0q7Ld8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Hornpipe

Listed as Wolfgang Meyer, Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, George Frideric Handel – Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Hornpipe (Händel: Water Music; Music for the Royal Fireworks) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video SjshheF4aig · row SjshheF4aig

LAION-DISCO-12M

Flute Concerto No. 1 in G Major, K. 313: II. Adagio ma non troppo

Listed as Emmanuel Pahud, Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Flute Concerto No. 1 in G Major, K. 313: II. Adagio ma non troppo (Mozart: Flute Concertos & Concerto for Flute and Harp) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video UFzfJCNbVPw · row UFzfJCNbVPw

LAION-DISCO-12M

Mozart: Requiem, K. 626 - II. Kyrie (Orch. Süssmayr, Beyer) (Live)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Schwedischer Rundfunkchor, Kay Johannsen – Mozart: Requiem, K. 626 - II. Kyrie (Orch. Süssmayr, Beyer) (Live) (Mozart: Requiem) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video WSek64CrkpI · row WSek64CrkpI

LAION-DISCO-12M

Mozart: Requiem, K. 626: III. Sequentia: a. Dies irae (Orch. Süssmayr, Beyer) (Live)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Schwedischer Rundfunkchor, Kay Johannsen – Mozart: Requiem, K. 626: III. Sequentia: a. Dies irae (Orch. Süssmayr, Beyer) (Live) (Classical Halloween) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video XATXUlv_Bkg · row XATXUlv_Bkg

LAION-DISCO-12M

Beethoven: Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92 - I. Poco sostenuto - Vivace

Listed as Wiener Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Ludwig van Beethoven – Beethoven: Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92 - I. Poco sostenuto - Vivace (Beethoven: Symphonies Nos.7 & 8) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video ZJmy7aGIkWU · row ZJmy7aGIkWU

LAION-DISCO-12M

Dvořák: Symphony No. 9 in E Minor, Op. 95, B. 178 "From the New World" - II. Largo

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado – Dvořák: Symphony No. 9 in E Minor, Op. 95, B. 178 "From the New World" - II. Largo (Dvorák: Symphony No.9; Othello Overture) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video acurczH-Yt8 · row acurczH-Yt8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Brahms: Symphony No. 3 in F Major, Op. 90 - II. Andante

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Johannes Brahms – Brahms: Symphony No. 3 in F Major, Op. 90 - II. Andante (Brahms: Symphony No.3; Tragic Overture; Song of Destiny) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video fNJ79YF505A · row fNJ79YF505A

LAION-DISCO-12M

Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major, K. 467: I. Allegro maestoso (Cadenza: Gulda)

Listed as Friedrich Gulda, Wiener Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 21 in C Major, K. 467: I. Allegro maestoso (Cadenza: Gulda) (Mozart: Piano Concertos Nos. 20 & 21) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video fcpgF9YmPgU · row fcpgF9YmPgU

LAION-DISCO-12M

Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Allegro IV

Listed as Wolfgang Meyer, Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, George Frideric Handel – Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Allegro IV (Händel: Water Music; Music for the Royal Fireworks) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video gAUGI0E-C_s · row gAUGI0E-C_s

LAION-DISCO-12M

Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: III. Mercury, the Winged Messenger

Listed as Wiener Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gustav Holst – Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: III. Mercury, the Winged Messenger (Holst: The Planets) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video lwWCLech8Sk · row lwWCLech8Sk

LAION-DISCO-12M

Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: IV. Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gustav Holst – Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: IV. Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity (Listening to Gustav Holst and more) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video m7rjZH_6HgY · row m7rjZH_6HgY

LAION-DISCO-12M

Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Allegretto

Listed as Wolfgang Meyer, Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, George Frideric Handel – Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Allegretto (Händel: Water Music; Music for the Royal Fireworks) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video mCRYpgaKGFs · row mCRYpgaKGFs

LAION-DISCO-12M

Brahms: Symphony No. 3 in F Major, Op. 90 - IV. Allegro

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Johannes Brahms – Brahms: Symphony No. 3 in F Major, Op. 90 - IV. Allegro (Brahms: Symphony No.3; Tragic Overture; Song of Destiny) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video nw-yqX5Qt-I · row nw-yqX5Qt-I

LAION-DISCO-12M

Brahms: Symphony No. 4 in E Minor, Op. 98 - I. Allegro non troppo

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Johannes Brahms – Brahms: Symphony No. 4 in E Minor, Op. 98 - I. Allegro non troppo (Brahms: Symphony No.4 In E Minor, Op. 98; Haydn Variations, Op. 56a; Nänie, Op. 82) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video onwEcAR3DV0 · row onwEcAR3DV0

LAION-DISCO-12M

Mozart: Clarinet Concerto In A, K.622 - 1. Allegro

Listed as Karl Leister, Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Mozart: Clarinet Concerto In A, K.622 - 1. Allegro (Mozart, W.A.: Clarinet & Bassoon Concerto; Weber: Clarinet Concerto) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video qONf9Ok4oZg · row qONf9Ok4oZg

LAION-DISCO-12M

Brahms: Symphony No. 3 in F Major, Op. 90 - I. Allegro con brio

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Johannes Brahms – Brahms: Symphony No. 3 in F Major, Op. 90 - I. Allegro con brio (Brahms: Symphony No.3; Tragic Overture; Song of Destiny) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video rIHAjJnwRT0 · row rIHAjJnwRT0

LAION-DISCO-12M

Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: I. Mars, the Bringer of War

Listed as Wiener Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gustav Holst – Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: I. Mars, the Bringer of War (Holst: The Planets) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video rZvjIFBqMgg · row rZvjIFBqMgg

LAION-DISCO-12M

Tchaikovsky: スラヴ行進曲 作品31 - Tchaikovsky: Marche slave, Op. 31, TH 45 “Slavonic March”

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky – Tchaikovsky: スラヴ行進曲 作品31 - Tchaikovsky: Marche slave, Op. 31, TH 45 “Slavonic March” (Tchaikovsky: Ouverture Solenelle Op.49 "1812"; Fantasy Overture "The Tempest"; Marche Slave, Op. 31; Fantasy Overture "Romeo And Juliet") · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video rgOCUUQ75HE · row rgOCUUQ75HE

LAION-DISCO-12M

Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Allegro III

Listed as Wolfgang Meyer, Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, George Frideric Handel – Handel: Water Music Suite, HWV 348-350: Allegro III (Händel: Water Music; Music for the Royal Fireworks) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video sKczKa1Q7uk · row sKczKa1Q7uk

LAION-DISCO-12M

Flute Concerto No. 1 in G Major, K. 313: III. Rondo. Tempo di menuetto

Listed as Emmanuel Pahud, Berliner Philharmoniker, Claudio Abbado, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Flute Concerto No. 1 in G Major, K. 313: III. Rondo. Tempo di menuetto (Mozart: Flute and Harp Concerto, K. 299 - Flute Concerto No. 1, K. 313 & No. 2, K. 314) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video ugLcE2RYyzc · row ugLcE2RYyzc

LAION-DISCO-12M

Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: III. Mercury, the Winged Messenger

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gustav Holst – Holst: The Planets, Op. 32: III. Mercury, the Winged Messenger (Holst: The Planets) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video wYtJ4RA3V4o · row wYtJ4RA3V4o

LAION-DISCO-12M

Handel: Music For The Royal Fireworks, HWV 351 (1749): Minuet II

Listed as Wolfgang Meyer, Berliner Philharmoniker, Rafael Kubelík, George Frideric Handel – Handel: Music For The Royal Fireworks, HWV 351 (1749): Minuet II (Händel: Water Music; Music for the Royal Fireworks) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video xKXzK4aOmS4 · row xKXzK4aOmS4

LAION-DISCO-12M

What this means

Last reviewed 2026-09-24.

Presence in a public research dataset shows that a clip of your recording was listed by academic or industry researchers as material for building or testing audio models. It does not by itself show which commercial products, if any, used the clip. The legal picture is moving. On 31 July 2026 the Regional Court of Munich I ruled in GEMA's case against Suno (case 42 O 763/25) that reproducing works for training, holding them in a model in retrievable form, and generating similar outputs can each infringe copyright under German and EU law; the judgment is not final and can be appealed. In the United States, Warner Music Group settled its claims against Suno on 25 November 2025 with a licensing deal, while the parallel claims by Universal and Sony were still pending at that point. Since then BMG (12 August 2026) and Believe/TuneCore (8 September 2026) have signed opt-in licensing deals with Suno.

What you can do

3 routes. None is a guarantee.

Is this you?

Check another name

These pages report where identifiers from public research datasets point. Presence in a dataset is a fact about the dataset, not a claim about the channel or artist, and says nothing about what any company did with the material. If you are this artist and want this page removed, see removals.