Artist Karlheinz Zoeller on YouTube Music

Yes. Karlheinz Zoeller has 2,095 songs listed in a dataset used to train AI music models.

Used for training 2,095

songs in LAION-DISCO-12M under the artist name

A list of 12 million songs on YouTube Music, gathered by walking artist pages, that LAION published in 2024 for training general music models.

Including Violin Concerto, Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3 In C Minor, Op. 78 "Organ Symphony" - 2. Allegro moderato - Presto - Allegro moderato - Maestoso - Più allegro - Molto allegro, Rossini: String Sonata No. 3 in C Major: I. Allegro

Listed under the artist name 2,095 songs in LAION-DISCO-12M

Matched exactly: this YouTube Music artist id is the one the dataset lists these songs under.

Violin Concerto

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Yehudi Menuhin, Felix Mendelssohn – Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn: Violin Concerto - Bartók: Violin Concerto No. 2) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 0oCwofpoBw4 · row 0oCwofpoBw4

LAION-DISCO-12M

Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3 In C Minor, Op. 78 "Organ Symphony" - 2. Allegro moderato - Presto - Allegro moderato - Maestoso - Più allegro - Molto allegro

Listed as Simon Preston, Berliner Philharmoniker, James Levine, Camille Saint-Saëns – Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3 In C Minor, Op. 78 "Organ Symphony" - 2. Allegro moderato - Presto - Allegro moderato - Maestoso - Più allegro - Molto allegro (Saint-Saëns: Symphony No.3 "Organ") · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 1214bbu0igk · row 1214bbu0igk

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rossini: String Sonata No. 3 in C Major: I. Allegro

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gioachino Rossini – Rossini: String Sonata No. 3 in C Major: I. Allegro (Karajan A-Z: Ravel - Rossini) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 13fuXE4Uo8Q · row 13fuXE4Uo8Q

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphonie No. 5

Listed as Wilhelm Furtwängler, Berliner Philarmoniker, Ludwig van Beethoven – Symphonie No. 5 (Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphonie No. 4 D-dur Op. 60 - Symphonie No. 5 c-moll Op. 67) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 19PQIt_cAmg · row 19PQIt_cAmg

LAION-DISCO-12M

Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3 In C Minor, Op. 78 "Organ Symphony" - 1b. Poco adagio

Listed as Simon Preston, Berliner Philharmoniker, James Levine, Camille Saint-Saëns – Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3 In C Minor, Op. 78 "Organ Symphony" - 1b. Poco adagio (Saint-Saëns: Symphony No.3 "Organ") · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 3sG-KJ0NWZ4 · row 3sG-KJ0NWZ4

LAION-DISCO-12M

Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3 In C Minor, Op. 78 "Organ Symphony" - 2b. Maestoso - Più allegro - Molto allegro

Listed as Simon Preston, Berliner Philharmoniker, James Levine, Camille Saint-Saëns – Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3 In C Minor, Op. 78 "Organ Symphony" - 2b. Maestoso - Più allegro - Molto allegro (Saint-Saëns: Symphony No.3 "Organ") · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 3vipdmXX8CI · row 3vipdmXX8CI

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rossini: String Sonata No. 6 in D Major: I. Allegro spiritoso

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gioachino Rossini – Rossini: String Sonata No. 6 in D Major: I. Allegro spiritoso (Karajan A-Z: Ravel - Rossini) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 4A1Mxo-v5C8 · row 4A1Mxo-v5C8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Beethoven: Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92 - II. Allegretto (Live)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Ludwig van Beethoven – Beethoven: Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92 - II. Allegretto (Live) (Beethoven: Symphonies Nos.5 & 7) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video 6pojPogdAI8 · row 6pojPogdAI8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rosen aus dem Süden, Walzer, Op. 388

Listed as Riccardo Muti, Wiener Philharmoniker – Rosen aus dem Süden, Walzer, Op. 388 (Neujahrskonzert 2018 / New Year's Concert 2018) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video AB9bGjqjiIA · row AB9bGjqjiIA

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rossini: String Sonata No. 2 in A Major: II. Andantino

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gioachino Rossini – Rossini: String Sonata No. 2 in A Major: II. Andantino (Karajan A-Z: Ravel - Rossini) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video BlLi7QmXwXA · row BlLi7QmXwXA

LAION-DISCO-12M

Adagio for Violin and Orchestra in E Major, K. 261

Listed as David Oistrakh, Berliner Philharmoniker, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Adagio for Violin and Orchestra in E Major, K. 261 (Mozart: Violin Concertos Nos. 4 & 5, Rondo concertante, Adagio) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video C018Xj02Tf0 · row C018Xj02Tf0

LAION-DISCO-12M

Lehár: Die lustige Witwe / Act II - "Heia, Mädel, aufgeschaut"

Listed as Cheryl Studer, Bo Skovhus, Wiener Philharmoniker, John Eliot Gardiner – Lehár: Die lustige Witwe / Act II - "Heia, Mädel, aufgeschaut" (Lehár: Die lustige Witwe) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video CFkdsXqSXqY · row CFkdsXqSXqY

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rossini: String Sonata No. 6 in D Major: III. Allegro. Tempesta

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gioachino Rossini – Rossini: String Sonata No. 6 in D Major: III. Allegro. Tempesta (Karajan A-Z: Ravel - Rossini) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video CNzL_3R_qjk · row CNzL_3R_qjk

LAION-DISCO-12M

Unter Donner und Blitz, Polka schnell, Op. 324

Listed as Riccardo Muti, Wiener Philharmoniker – Unter Donner und Blitz, Polka schnell, Op. 324 (Neujahrskonzert 2018 / New Year's Concert 2018) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video E1bGYdvzm58 · row E1bGYdvzm58

LAION-DISCO-12M

Shostakovich: Symphony No. 5 in D minor, Op. 47 - 1. Moderato

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Semyon Bychkov, Dmitri Shostakovich – Shostakovich: Symphony No. 5 in D minor, Op. 47 - 1. Moderato (Shostakovich: Symphony No. 5) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video GBHDBRB5_JE · row GBHDBRB5_JE

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez for Guitar and Orchestra - 1. Allegro con spirito

Listed as Siegfried Behrend, Berliner Philharmoniker, Reinhard Peters, Joaquín Rodrigo – Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez for Guitar and Orchestra - 1. Allegro con spirito (Rodrigo) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video GL5ATK1kmMU · row GL5ATK1kmMU

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rossini: String Sonata No. 2 in A Major: I. Allegro

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gioachino Rossini – Rossini: String Sonata No. 2 in A Major: I. Allegro (Karajan A-Z: Ravel - Rossini) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video JZxt6-xce3I · row JZxt6-xce3I

LAION-DISCO-12M

Shostakovich: Symphony No. 10 in E Minor, Op. 93: III. Allegretto

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Dmitri Shostakovich – Shostakovich: Symphony No. 10 in E Minor, Op. 93: III. Allegretto (Shostakovich: Symphony No. 10 in E Minor, Op. 93) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video KL3rCEs1_vo · row KL3rCEs1_vo

LAION-DISCO-12M

Wagner: Das Rheingold, Scene 1 - Weia! Waga! Woge du Welle!

Listed as Helen Donath, Edda Moser, Anna Reynolds, Berliner Philharmoniker – Wagner: Das Rheingold, Scene 1 - Weia! Waga! Woge du Welle! (Wagner: Das Rheingold) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video LYighZ-Qm_E · row LYighZ-Qm_E

LAION-DISCO-12M

Wilhelm Tell Galopp, Op. 29b

Listed as Riccardo Muti, Wiener Philharmoniker – Wilhelm Tell Galopp, Op. 29b (Neujahrskonzert 2018 / New Year's Concert 2018) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video PY9KK_P-y1o · row PY9KK_P-y1o

LAION-DISCO-12M

Geschichten aus dem Wienerwald, Walzer, Op. 325

Listed as Riccardo Muti, Wiener Philharmoniker – Geschichten aus dem Wienerwald, Walzer, Op. 325 (Neujahrskonzert 2018 / New Year's Concert 2018) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video PlCQx8WpWMM · row PlCQx8WpWMM

LAION-DISCO-12M

Mozart: Symphony No. 25 in G minor, K.183 - 1. Allegro con brio

Listed as Wiener Philharmoniker, Riccardo Muti, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Mozart: Symphony No. 25 in G minor, K.183 - 1. Allegro con brio (Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 25 & 39) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video Q_MXHFHf6x8 · row Q_MXHFHf6x8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez for Guitar and Orchestra - 2. Adagio - Cadenza: Joaquin Rodrigo

Listed as Siegfried Behrend, Berliner Philharmoniker, Reinhard Peters, Joaquín Rodrigo – Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez for Guitar and Orchestra - 2. Adagio - Cadenza: Joaquin Rodrigo (Rodrigo) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video Qjys4CBfvXE · row Qjys4CBfvXE

LAION-DISCO-12M

J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major, BWV 1068 - 2. Air (Live)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Johann Sebastian Bach – J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major, BWV 1068 - 2. Air (Live) (Wilhelm Furtwängler: Post-war Radio Recordings (Vol. 5)) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video SRtb_8JV0xo · row SRtb_8JV0xo

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rossini: String Sonata No. 1 in G Major: III. Allegro

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gioachino Rossini – Rossini: String Sonata No. 1 in G Major: III. Allegro (Karajan A-Z: Ravel - Rossini) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video VI41qPkxmkI · row VI41qPkxmkI

LAION-DISCO-12M

Shostakovich: Symphony No. 5 in D minor, Op. 47 - 2. Allegretto

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Semyon Bychkov, Dmitri Shostakovich – Shostakovich: Symphony No. 5 in D minor, Op. 47 - 2. Allegretto (Shostakovich: Symphony No. 5) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video _ly_92Hu7bE · row _ly_92Hu7bE

LAION-DISCO-12M

Der Zigeunerbaron: Einzugsmarsch

Listed as Riccardo Muti, Wiener Philharmoniker – Der Zigeunerbaron: Einzugsmarsch (Neujahrskonzert 2018 / New Year's Concert 2018) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video a3c8TiHQtHU · row a3c8TiHQtHU

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rossini: String Sonata No. 3 in C Major: II. Andante

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gioachino Rossini – Rossini: String Sonata No. 3 in C Major: II. Andante (Karajan A-Z: Ravel - Rossini) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video aPyMlEhOUos · row aPyMlEhOUos

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rossini: String Sonata No. 2 in A Major: III. Allegro

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gioachino Rossini – Rossini: String Sonata No. 2 in A Major: III. Allegro (Karajan A-Z: Ravel - Rossini) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video aSx3HwpaUEM · row aSx3HwpaUEM

LAION-DISCO-12M

Shostakovich: Symphony No. 10 in E Minor, Op. 93: II. Allegro

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Dmitri Shostakovich – Shostakovich: Symphony No. 10 in E Minor, Op. 93: II. Allegro (Shostakovich: Symphony No. 10 in E Minor, Op. 93) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video bCypb--lv1M · row bCypb--lv1M

LAION-DISCO-12M

Wiener Fresken, Walzer, Op. 249

Listed as Riccardo Muti, Wiener Philharmoniker – Wiener Fresken, Walzer, Op. 249 (Neujahrskonzert 2018 / New Year's Concert 2018) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video cTLvq_RuU_8 · row cTLvq_RuU_8

LAION-DISCO-12M

Symphonie No. 5

youtube_video cmkgn6qULzM · row cmkgn6qULzM

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rossini: String Sonata No. 6 in D Major: II. Andante assai

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gioachino Rossini – Rossini: String Sonata No. 6 in D Major: II. Andante assai (Karajan A-Z: Ravel - Rossini) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video dEXfqtz_2ow · row dEXfqtz_2ow

LAION-DISCO-12M

Lehár: Die lustige Witwe / Act II - "Mein tapferer Reitersmann" - "So wie die Dinge sich entwickeln"

Listed as Bo Skovhus, Cheryl Studer, Wiener Philharmoniker, John Eliot Gardiner – Lehár: Die lustige Witwe / Act II - "Mein tapferer Reitersmann" - "So wie die Dinge sich entwickeln" (Lehár: Die lustige Witwe) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video e51pGxXlE88 · row e51pGxXlE88

LAION-DISCO-12M

Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3 In C Minor, Op. 78 "Organ Symphony" - 1. Adagio - Allegro moderato - Poco adagio

Listed as Simon Preston, Berliner Philharmoniker, James Levine, Camille Saint-Saëns – Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3 In C Minor, Op. 78 "Organ Symphony" - 1. Adagio - Allegro moderato - Poco adagio (Saint-Saëns: Symphony No.3 "Organ") · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video gTtVJJOHTqo · row gTtVJJOHTqo

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rossini: String Sonata No. 1 in G Major: II. Andante

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gioachino Rossini – Rossini: String Sonata No. 1 in G Major: II. Andante (Karajan A-Z: Ravel - Rossini) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video ghlPiWa-v90 · row ghlPiWa-v90

LAION-DISCO-12M

Wagner: Das Rheingold, Scene 1 - Haltet den Räuber!

Listed as Edda Moser, Helen Donath, Anna Reynolds, Berliner Philharmoniker – Wagner: Das Rheingold, Scene 1 - Haltet den Räuber! (Wagner: Das Rheingold) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video h79Gz5N-O8c · row h79Gz5N-O8c

LAION-DISCO-12M

Concierto De Aranjuez: 3rd Movement, Allegro gentile

Listed as Siegfried Behrend, Reinhard Peters, Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra – Concierto De Aranjuez: 3rd Movement, Allegro gentile (Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez- Concert Serenade for Harp) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video heZoGl1P7WA · row heZoGl1P7WA

LAION-DISCO-12M

Wagner: Das Rheingold, Scene 1 - Nur wer der Minne Macht entsagt

Listed as Helen Donath, Edda Moser, Anna Reynolds, Berliner Philharmoniker – Wagner: Das Rheingold, Scene 1 - Nur wer der Minne Macht entsagt (Wagner: Das Rheingold) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video m3ZPEJwbmHI · row m3ZPEJwbmHI

LAION-DISCO-12M

Shostakovich: Symphony No. 5 in D minor, Op. 47 - 4. Allegro non troppo

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Semyon Bychkov, Dmitri Shostakovich – Shostakovich: Symphony No. 5 in D minor, Op. 47 - 4. Allegro non troppo (Shostakovich: Symphony No. 5) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video mNLwCdYEbzk · row mNLwCdYEbzk

LAION-DISCO-12M

Shostakovich: Symphony No. 10 in E Minor, Op. 93: IV. Andante – Allegro

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Dmitri Shostakovich – Shostakovich: Symphony No. 10 in E Minor, Op. 93: IV. Andante – Allegro (Shostakovich: Symphony No. 10 in E Minor, Op. 93) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video p-myAxAo6fY · row p-myAxAo6fY

LAION-DISCO-12M

Mozart: Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550 - 1. Molto allegro

Listed as Wiener Philharmoniker, Riccardo Muti, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Mozart: Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550 - 1. Molto allegro (Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 36 & 40) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video r2-asx8cY0s · row r2-asx8cY0s

LAION-DISCO-12M

Lehár: Die lustige Witwe / Act II - "Ich bitte, hier jetzt zu verweilen" - "Es lebt' eine Vilja"

Listed as Cheryl Studer, Wiener Philharmoniker, John Eliot Gardiner, Monteverdi Choir – Lehár: Die lustige Witwe / Act II - "Ich bitte, hier jetzt zu verweilen" - "Es lebt' eine Vilja" (Lehár: Die lustige Witwe) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video sWfttiEmD-I · row sWfttiEmD-I

LAION-DISCO-12M

Lehár: Die lustige Witwe / Act III - "Aber dort bin ich zu Hause.." Lippen schweigen

Listed as Bo Skovhus, Cheryl Studer, Wiener Philharmoniker, John Eliot Gardiner – Lehár: Die lustige Witwe / Act III - "Aber dort bin ich zu Hause.." Lippen schweigen (Lehár: Die lustige Witwe) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video tAXm9U-IN3g · row tAXm9U-IN3g

LAION-DISCO-12M

Mozart: Symphony No. 39 in E-Flat Major, K. 543 - 1. Adagio - Allegro (Live)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Mozart: Symphony No. 39 in E-Flat Major, K. 543 - 1. Adagio - Allegro (Live) (Wilhelm Furtwängler: Wartime Recordings (Vol. 4)) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video tTM-aBX9Xrg · row tTM-aBX9Xrg

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rossini: String Sonata No. 3 in C Major: III. Moderato

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gioachino Rossini – Rossini: String Sonata No. 3 in C Major: III. Moderato (Karajan A-Z: Ravel - Rossini) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video uhKZlBE9rww · row uhKZlBE9rww

LAION-DISCO-12M

J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major, BWV 1068 - 4. Bourrée (Live)

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Johann Sebastian Bach – J.S. Bach: Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major, BWV 1068 - 4. Bourrée (Live) (Wilhelm Furtwängler: Post-war Radio Recordings (Vol. 5)) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video vMr3AR8QJhw · row vMr3AR8QJhw

LAION-DISCO-12M

Violin Concerto No. 1 in B-Flat Major, K. 207: I. Allegro moderato

Listed as David Oistrakh, Berliner Philharmoniker, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Violin Concerto No. 1 in B-Flat Major, K. 207: I. Allegro moderato (Mozart: Violin Concertos & Sinfonia concertante for Violin and Viola) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video vc_eWcYfru4 · row vc_eWcYfru4

LAION-DISCO-12M

Triple Concerto for Viloin, Cello & Piano in C Major, Op. 56: III. Rondo alla polacca

Listed as Sviatoslav Richter, Mstislav Rostropovich, David Oistrakh, Berliner Philharmoniker – Triple Concerto for Viloin, Cello & Piano in C Major, Op. 56: III. Rondo alla polacca (Sviatoslav Richter Plays Piano Works by Beethoven: Triple Concerto, Op. 56 & Piano Concerto No. 3, Op. 37) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video y2UyZmHnnOY · row y2UyZmHnnOY

LAION-DISCO-12M

Rossini: String Sonata No. 1 in G Major: I. Moderato

Listed as Berliner Philharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan, Gioachino Rossini – Rossini: String Sonata No. 1 in G Major: I. Moderato (Karajan A-Z: Ravel - Rossini) · Watch on YouTube

youtube_video zr1_s7SJKUQ · row zr1_s7SJKUQ

LAION-DISCO-12M

What this means

Last reviewed 2026-09-24.

Presence in a public research dataset shows that a clip of your recording was listed by academic or industry researchers as material for building or testing audio models. It does not by itself show which commercial products, if any, used the clip. The legal picture is moving. On 31 July 2026 the Regional Court of Munich I ruled in GEMA's case against Suno (case 42 O 763/25) that reproducing works for training, holding them in a model in retrievable form, and generating similar outputs can each infringe copyright under German and EU law; the judgment is not final and can be appealed. In the United States, Warner Music Group settled its claims against Suno on 25 November 2025 with a licensing deal, while the parallel claims by Universal and Sony were still pending at that point. Since then BMG (12 August 2026) and Believe/TuneCore (8 September 2026) have signed opt-in licensing deals with Suno.

What you can do

3 routes. None is a guarantee.

UK, PRS members. Send PRS for Music your report and ask what collective or licensing route covers your works.
- PRS for Music and Artificial Intelligence, Version 1 (October 2025), 2025-10-01
- PRS for Music: AI and music copyright, 2026-09-24
Germany, GEMA members. GEMA won a first-instance ruling against Suno on 31 July 2026 and has a licensing model. Ask how they apply to your repertoire.
- GEMA: Suno AI and OpenAI, GEMA sues for fair compensation, 2025-01-21
- DLA Piper: GEMA v Suno, Munich Regional Court judgment of 31 July 2026, 2026-08-28
- Music Business Worldwide: Germany's GEMA launches AI Charter, 2024-11-05
Signed to Warner, BMG or Believe/TuneCore. Each has an opt-in licensing deal with Suno. Ask your label what opting in or out means for you and whether any settlement money reaches artists.
- Music Business Worldwide: Warner Music Group settles with Suno, 2025-11-25
- Music Ally: Suno signs another music licensing deal, with BMG, 2026-08-12
- Music Business Worldwide: Suno inks global deal with Believe, 2026-09-08

Is this you?

Check another name

These pages report where identifiers from public research datasets point. Presence in a dataset is a fact about the dataset, not a claim about the channel or artist, and says nothing about what any company did with the material. If you are this artist and want this page removed, see removals.